I
am the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of the American Rescue
Team International (ARTI), the world's most experienced rescue
team. The information in this article will save lives in an earthquake.
I have crawled inside 875 collapsed buildings, worked with rescue
teams from 60 countries, founded rescue teams in several countries,
and I am a member of many rescue teams from many countries. I
was the United Nations expert in Disaster Mitigation for two years.
I have worked at every major disaster in the world since 1985,
except for simultaneous disasters. In 1996 we made a film which
proved my survival methodology to be correct. The Turkish Federal
Government, City of Istanbul, University of Istanbul Case Productions
and ARTI cooperated to film this practical, scientific test. We
collapsed a school and a home with 20 mannequins inside. Ten mannequins
did "duck and cover," and ten mannequins I used in my "triangle
of life" survival method. After the simulated earthquake collapse
we crawled through the rubble and entered the building to film
and document the results. The film, in which I practiced my survival
techniques under directly observable, scientific conditions, relevant
to building collapse, showed there would have been zero percent
survival for those doing duck and cover. There would likely have
been 100 percent survivability for people using my method of the
"triangle of life." This film has been seen by millions of viewers
on television in Turkey and the rest of Europe, and it was seen
in the USA, Canada and Latin America on the TV program Real TV.
The first building I ever crawled inside of was a school in Mexico
City during the 1985 earthquake. Every child was under their desk.
Every child was crushed to the thickness of their bones. They
could have survived by lying down next to their desks in the aisles.
It was obscene, unnecessary and I wondered why the children were
not in the aisles. I didn't at the time know that the children
were told to hide under something. Simply stated, when buildings
collapse, the weight of the ceilings falling upon the objects
or furniture inside crushes these objects, leaving a space or
void next to them. This space is what I call the "triangle of
life". The larger the object, the stronger, the less it will compact.
The less the object compacts, the larger the void, the greater
the probability that the person who is using this void for safety
will not be injured. The next time you watch collapsed buildings,
on television, count the "triangles" you see formed. They are
everywhere. It is the most common shape, you will see, in a collapsed
building. They are everywhere.
TEN
TIPS FOR EARTHQUAKE SAFETY
1) Most everyone who
simply "ducks and covers" WHEN BUILDINGS COLLAPSE are crushed
to death. People who get under objects, like desks or cars, are
crushed.
2) Cats, dogs and babies
often naturally curl up in the fetal position. You should too
in an earthquake. It is a natural safety/survival instinct. You
can survive in a smaller void. Get next to an object, next to
a sofa, next to a large bulky object that will compress slightly
but leave a void next to it.
3) Wooden buildings are
the safest type of construction to be in during an earthquake.
Wood is flexible and moves with the force of the earthquake. If
the wooden building does collapse, large survival voids are created.
Also, the wooden building has less concentrated, crushing weight.
Brick buildings will break into individual bricks. Bricks will
cause many injuries but less squashed bodies than concrete slabs.
4) If you are in bed
during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the
bed. A safe void will exist around the bed. Hotels can achieve
a much greater survival rate in earthquakes, simply by posting
a sign on the back of the door of every room telling occupants
to lie down on the floor, next to the bottom of the bed during
an earthquake.
5) If an earthquake happens
and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window,
then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa,
or large chair.
6) Most everyone who
gets under a doorway when buildings collapse is killed. How? If
you stand under a doorway and the doorjamb falls forward or backward
you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the door jam falls
sideways you will be cut in half by the doorway. In either case,
you will be killed!
7) Never go to the stairs.
The stairs have a different "moment of frequency" (they swing
separately from the main part of the building). The stairs and
remainder of the building continuously bump into each other until
structural failure of the stairs takes place. The people who get
on stairs before they fail are chopped up by the stair treads
- horribly mutilated. Even if the building doesn't collapse, stay
away from the stairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building
to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake,
they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people. They
should always be checked for safety, even when the rest of the
building is not damaged.
8) Get Near the Outer
Walls Of Buildings Or Outside Of Them If Possible - It is much
better to be near the outside of the building rather than the
interior. The farther inside you are from the outside perimeter
of the building the greater the probability that your escape route
will be blocked;
9) People inside of their
vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake
and crushes their vehicles; which is exactly what happened with
the slabs between the decks of the Nimitz Freeway. The victims
of the San Francisco earthquake all stayed inside of their vehicles.
They were all killed. They could have easily survived by getting
out and sitting or lying next to their vehicles. Everyone killed
would have survived if they had been able to get out of their
cars and sit or lie next to them. All the crushed cars had voids
3 feet high next to them, except for the cars that had columns
fall directly across them.
10) I discovered, while
crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices and other offices
with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact. Large voids
are found surrounding stacks of paper. Spread the word and save
someone's life... http://www.amerrescue.org/